Pineapple allergy is not commonly reported, but it can cause adverse reactions.
Pineapple is a delicious fruit, which is loaded with plenty of nutrients, like B-complex vitamins, vitamin C, potassium and magnesium. But not everyone can enjoy the fresh flavors of pineapple. People who are allergic to it, must stay away from it.
Hypersensitivity reactions to other fruits are commonly reported, particularly apples, stone fruits and bananas.
Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is known for its sweet and tangy taste, but its anti-inflammatory properties and enzymatic activity have been used for centuries.
Pineapple has been implicated in an array of adverse reactions, including uncomfortable mucosal irritation due to acidic pH and bromelain, oral allergy syndrome and anaphylaxis.
Types of Reactions to Pineapple
Unpleasant medical symptoms are associated with a pineapple allergy.
Symptoms may range from mild to severe, depending upon the body’s immune reaction.
Symptoms may appear immediately after eating pineapple or it could appear even after 5 days.
Mucosal irritation-involves the acidic pH of the fruit as well as the proteolytic activity of Bromelain, which is a combination of multiple enzymes.
Bromelain has been used as a meat tenderizer and a wound debridement agent. It is naturally found in pineapple and concentrated in the pineapple stem.
Bromelain can cause burning, soreness of the oral mucosa and tongue.
Bromelain denatures when heated, which explains symptoms occurring with fresh but not heated pineapple products.
Symptoms can be helped by pairing pineapple with dairy or sprinkling it with salt.
Skin rash is the first symptom, which usually occurs when individuals allergic to pineapple are exposed to it. Besides this, other symptoms include:
- Redness of the skin
- Itching
- Irritation
- Inflammation
- Bumps
- Swelling
Hives
Oral Allergy Syndrome-symptoms typically occur with mouth itching and swelling of lips and tongue.
Patients allergic to birch tree (Bet v 2) can describe symptoms of oral allergy syndrome to pineapple.
This is not a true pineapple allergy, but a cross reactivity of the proteins to the birch tree pollen. Treatment is heating the fruit or just avoiding it.
Anaphylaxis-symptoms that occur are hives, swelling, wheezing, coughing, vomiting, diarrhea and low blood pressure.
Bromelain has been implicated as well as pineapple specific proteins, this leads to IgE mast cell degranulation.
Allergy skin testing, specific IgE lab testing and fresh food skin testing with pineapple all can be used to test for pineapple allergy.
Reactions to pineapple can thus come in different forms.
An allergy doctor can help decipher what type of reaction one is having to pineapple and to do the appropriate tests for establishing or ruling out a diagnosis of clinical allergy.
Treatment of Pineapple Allergy
The best way to treat pineapple allergy is to completely eliminate pineapple and food preparations containing pineapple from your diet.
If you happen to consume pineapple unintentionally, immediately remove it from your mouth and rinse your mouth with water.
Your doctor may prescribe you anti-histamines, drugs to suppress the action of histamine, a chemical, which causes allergic reactions. These drugs are used to treat mild allergic reactions
An epinephrine auto-injector is prescribed to those, who are highly sensitive to pineapple. This can be used during severe reactions.
Rush the patient to the hospital if the severity of symptoms goes on increasing.